绒毛栗色鼠尾草的化学成分分析

目的:研究绒毛栗色鼠尾草(Salvia castanea)根的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,HPLC柱色谱等方法对绒毛栗色鼠尾草70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果:从绒毛栗色鼠尾草中分离出12个化合物,分别鉴定为正二十六烷(1),β-谷甾醇(2),3-O-乙酰基齐墩果醛(3),齐墩果酸(4),5,5'-二丁氧基-2,2'-双环呋喃(5),丁草胺(6),亚麻酸乙酯(7),咖啡酸乙酯(8),香草酸(9),原儿茶酸(10),原儿茶醛(11),5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(12)。结论:化合物3,5,6为首次从鼠尾草属植物中分离得到,化合物1,4,7~10和12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

防己黄芪汤HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱研究

目的建立防己黄芪汤(FHD)HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱分析方法,归属和指认复方中主要特征峰。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Venusil MP C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),紫外检测器:检测波长为254 nm,蒸发光散射检测器:漂移管温度为110℃,空气体积流量为3 L/min;进样量10μL;体积流量为1 m L/min。运用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2008版)》对10批FHD指纹图谱进行相似度计算,并对共有峰进行药材归属及成分指认。结果建立了FHD指纹图谱;10批FHD指纹图谱相似度良好;在FHD HPLC-UV指纹图谱中标定了20个共有峰,其中3、6~8号峰来自防己,1、2、4、5、9、12、13、16、20号峰来自黄芪,10、11、13、14、15、17~19号峰来自甘草。在FHD HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱中标定了16个共有峰,其中1’~3’号峰来自防己,4’、7’、9’、11’、13’、15’、16’号峰来自黄芪,5’~8’、10’、12’、14’号峰来自甘草。通过进样对照品、复方以及在复方中加对照品的方式指认出复方中9个成分,分别为9/4’号峰(毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷)、11/6’号峰(甘草苷)、13/7’号峰(芒柄花苷)、15号峰(甘草素)、16/9’号峰(毛蕊异黄酮)、20/15’号峰(芒柄花素),11’号峰(黄芪甲苷)、13’号峰(黄芪皂苷II)、16’号峰(黄芪皂苷I)。结论首次建立了FHD HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱分析方法,该法操作简单、准确,精密度、重复性好,可用于表征FHD中化学成分信息,为FHD质量控制提供了可靠的科学依据。     

Patient‐centered practices in organ donation

The opportunity for a critically ill patient to be an organ donor depends on a complex interplay of factors (the Donation Process), one of which is the treating medical team's perspective of the importance and priority of donation during end‐of‐life care. Medical providers frequently are hesitant to administer treatments to preserve organ function in patients whose death is imminent for fear of invoking a conflict of interest. The basis of the perceived conflict is that organ donation is a process done for the sole benefit of organ transplant recipients and not for the donor, and therefore care directed toward donation prior to death is not for the donor patient's benefit. In this report, it is argued that the Donation Process is indeed a patient‐centered process for the potential organ donor and that organ donation serves the donor's best interests. In addition, key elements of the Donation Process are described.     

Use of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected deceased organ donors: Should we always “just say no?”

In the context of a rapidly evolving pandemic, multiple organizations have released guidelines stating that all organs from potential deceased donors with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection should be deferred, including from otherwise medically eligible donors found to have mild or asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 discovered on routine donor screening. In this article, we critically examine the available data on the risk of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through organ transplantation. The isolation of SARS‐CoV‐2 from nonlung clinical specimens, the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in autopsy specimens, previous experience with the related coronaviruses SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV, and the vast experience with other common RNA respiratory viruses are all addressed. Taken together, these data provide little evidence to suggest the presence of intact transmissible SARS‐CoV in organs that can potentially be transplanted, specifically liver and heart. Other considerations including ethical, financial, societal, and logistical concerns are also addressed. We conclude that, for selected patients with high waitlist mortality, transplant programs should consider accepting heart or liver transplants from deceased donors with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.